| Key | Key Signature | ii | V | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | D-7 | G7 | CMaj7 | |
| G | F# | A-7 | D7 | GMaj7 |
| D | F# C# | E-7 | A7 | DMaj7 |
| A | F# C# G# | B-7 | E7 | AMaj7 |
| E | F# C# G# D# | F#-7 | B7 | EMaj7 |
| B | F# C# G# D# A# | C#-7 | F#7 | BMaj7 |
| F# | F# C# G# D# A# E# | G#-7 | C#7 | F#Maj7 |
| F | Bb | G-7 | C7 | FMaj7 |
| Bb | Bb Eb | C-7 | F7 | BbMaj7 |
| Eb | Bb Eb Ab | F-7 | Bb7 | EbMaj7 |
| Ab | Bb Eb Ab Db | Bb-7 | Eb7 | AbMaj7 |
| Db | Bb Eb Ab Db Gb | Eb-7 | Ab7 | DbMaj7 |
| Gb | Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb | Ab-7 | Db7 | GbMaj7 |
Intervals
Ascending Fourths (A perfect fifth up)
The root of the ii goes a perfect fourth up to the root of theV. This can also be thought of as the root of the ii going a perfect fifth down to the root of the V.
The root of the V goes a perfect fourth up the the root of the I. This can also be thought of as the root of the V going a perfect fifth down to the root of the I.
A perfect fourth up sounds like the beginning of the “Mexican Hat Dance” or “Here Comes the Bride.”
More hints to remember the sound of upward interval jumps.
Or a more modern version
Listen to perfect fourths (up and down)
Descending Fifths (A perfect fifth down)
Beginning of Swan Lake
Listen to Swan Lake
Listen to perfect fifths (up and down)
Hints to Remember Fourth Intervals
D up to G: A DoG has four legs.
B up to E: “Before” or “BE 4”